April 7, 2016
by Mary Pat
109 Comments

Love Bombs

Recently I read a great book called Love Bombing: Reset Your Child’s Emotional Thermostat by Oliver James. It’s a very easy read with lots of stories of Love Bombing in action. I love stories so I zipped through it! In this post, I’m going to give you a quick summary of what’s involved. It feels doable to me but challenging! I’m up for giving it a shot though!

 

So what’s Love Bombing? Well, the basic idea is that children need love & control in order to thrive. And that parent-child relationships create the model for all future relating- no pressure then!! So Love Bombing is a very specific process that you go through. It’s very important to go through all the steps for it to be most effective. It may seem to fly in the face of common sense (I tend to be quite suspicious of a lot of common sense though!). Some common sense approaches advise more parental control, firmer limits, consequences etc.  But have you ever noticed how you have to gradually increase the strength of the consequences to get your child to comply? Hmm- not sure about that as a long term strategy! And I never feel great if all I have are threats!

 

So here are the Love Bombing (LB) steps:

 

#1 Set aside the time

It’s not quality time but something very distinctive where you set aside a period of time where you & your child will be together (one parent). You could go away for a night or two or you could do this at home either. The LB zone is separate from ordinary life but LB-ing does feed back onto normal life & supposedly reduces the amount of nagging & limit setting needed. Explain to your child that you’re going to give them 48 hours of feeling in Total Control & Having Unconditional Love- what’s not to love, right?!! I’d love this myself!! Explain to your child that sometime soon you’re going to spend X amount of time together & are going to have lots of fun. She’s going to decide what she wants & when she wants it, within reason: you give the message that this is going to be a Big Event, It’s Coming Soon- How Exciting!

 

At least one week beforehand you ask: What are the things that you most want to do in the world? You tell her that you’ll do your best to arrange for that to happen. You build up to the event by saying ‘We’re going to have Total Time together- let’s make a plan of all the things you would really really like to do.’ She then draws up a list.  It doesn’t matter if it involves lots of watching Peppa Pig or board games- the key is that the child has chosen it. During the experience, you’re trying as much as possible to give her the feeling that ‘whatever I want, I get’- a very unusual experience for children of being in control and of being gratified. And a challenging one for parents!

 

#2 Your child gives the time a special name

Your child decides what to call the time. So it could be mummy time or mummy and me time. It doesn’t really matter what the name is. The important thing is that it’s the child who gives it the name. You don’t have to settle this right away & your child can change the name, but the crucial thing is that it comes from the child, not the parent. She may have a shorthand title for it beforehand which alters during the experience. The important thing is that afterwards this label will instantly recall the experience.

 

 #3 Who’s in control?

In this period of time, your child decides everything from when both of you eat, what you eat, what you do with the time- everything! Don’t freak out…..yet! You do agree some basic ground rules beforehand for example, it can’t be a trip to Disneyland, or a ride on a space ship, nothing dangerous, & so on. So it might be going to the park for however long the child wants to go for. It could be going swimming. It could be eating out. It could be watching a movie together. He says that generally children don’t actually ask for a lot when they have realised how exciting and different from the norm this is going to be. He suggests that where you hit limits (financial or practical), you have to be crafty. A demand to eat huge quantities of crappy sweets can be side-stepped by finding ones that are free of additives.

#4 Hugs and kisses

During the time you are to express a lot of affection towards your child; lots of hugs, kisses, telling them you love them just the way they are, what you appreciate about them. This may feel a little uncomfortable at first but you need to persist. This part is all about distilling an experience of what it was like to bask in feeling loved & looked after safely and reliably, when much smaller. If you go away for the night, he suggests sharing the bed as this encourages the child to relax & feel safe, like a small child again. He also suggests thinking of your child as an 18 month old for much of the LB period. Children often revert to being like a toddler, cuddling & even using baby talk. This is exactly what you are aiming for. You’re trying to give the the chance to go back to earlier periods, but this time it is really, really good: she feels totally safe, loved, and in control.

 

#5 A symbol

Then your child needs to buy or make or get some item that represents the time. It could be a stone or a shell from the beach or a small soft toy. The idea here is that when back in reality, your child sulks or loses their temper, you can get out this prop to trigger talk and feelings about the Special Time.

 

#6 When you get home

Now you need to set aside 30 minutes of Special Time (or whatever your child calls it), each day. This is to reignite the safe feeling. Again, it’s fine if it’s just watching TV because you can snuggle up together while doing this.

 

So that’s it! What do you think? Is this something you could do?  I’m going to give it a go and will report back as to how it went! There are lots of stories of different scenarios in the book from two nights away to shorter bursts like 30 minutes in the morning.

 

If you like this post, please share with your friends!

Let’s get talking!

MP

 

March 16, 2016
by Mary Pat
Comments Off on The 3 times you should definitely ignore your doctor….

The 3 times you should definitely ignore your doctor….

It’s true, the doctor isn’t always right! No-one is always right! So the 3 times you should ignore your doctor are:

#1 When they say you’re harming your child by exposing them to more than one language. Or that being bilingual will confuse them or that it’s too hard for your child to be bilingual. Ignore this completely!

#2 When they tell you to drop a language or languages. Ignore this too- no offence to doctors, but this is not their area of expertise!

#3 When you’re worried that your child may be late talking. They don’t have words yet. Or their speech is hard to understand. You’re thinking about seeing a speech & language therapist and the doctor (insert others here as appropriate: Public Health Nurses, Pediatricians, Health Visitors, well-meaning relatives and friends) tells you not to worry, your child will probably grow out of it and they’re too young to be assessed anyway- B.S.! Once again, not their area of expertise.

So who should you listen to then? Firstly,  your own gut feeling about things not being quite as you expected.  Or your sense of uncertainty about your child’s development. The professional who is qualified to help you in this situation is a speech and language therapist. (Countries do differ at the ages at which children are seen so you will need to find that out for your country) But what do they actually do? Keep reading to find out!

Speech & Language Therapist or Pathologist? What’s the difference?

It can be confusing as we’re not called the same thing everywhere. Speech & language therapist or speech & language pathologist? Depends on where you are- it’s speech and language pathologist (SLP) in the USA, Canada,  and Australia but speech and language therapist (SLT) in Ireland, UK, & NZ. Essentially they mean the same thing.

What do SLPs and SLTs do?

There’s also some variation from country to country in terms of what we do but in general for Ireland, UK, North America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, things are pretty similar.

Speech & Language Therapists/Pathologists work with individuals and their families across the life-span. From babies who have trouble feeding to adults who have had a stroke that has affected their speech and language. We cover all aspects of speech, language, communication and feeding, eating, drinking, and swallowing. The American Speech & Hearing Association puts it nicely:

‘The overall objective of speech-language pathology services is to optimize individuals’ abilities to communicate and to swallow, thereby improving quality of life’.

They also say that SLPs are committed to the provision of culturally and linguistic appropriate series- good news for bilingual and multilingual families. Although I know the reality is often different.

We assess people for possible speech, language, communication, and feeding/swallowing issues. This involves screening; a check to see if there is reason for concern and need for further assessment and intervention. And indepth assessment of speech, language, communication and feeding/swallowing depending on the situation.

What kinds of problems  are SLPs and SLTs qualified to deal with?

The kinds of speech, language, communication and feeding/swallowing issues we are qualified to assess, diagnose, and treat are many and diverse. Here’s a sample focusing on babies, children, and young adults. This is by no means a complete list!

Communication

Before having words, children need to be able to share attention using gesture and gaze in relation to interesting objects or things happening- this is called joint attention and SLTs assess this.

We also work with issues of intentional communication like greeting, requesting more food, rejecting food, commenting on something. Either using words or before words appear.

And we work on early play skills too.

And with children who have problems with the subtleties of communication for example knowing that ‘Can you pass the salt?’ is an indirect request for the salt and doesn’t mean ‘Are you capable of passing the salt?’

Language both spoken and written

Understanding language:

We work with children who have:

Problems following instructions.

Problems learning concepts like colour, size, location

Limited vocabulary

Difficulty understanding what they’ve read

 Using Language

We work with children who have:

Problems with grammar– saying I sawn instead of I saw, mouses instead of mice at an age where you’d expect them to say it accurately

Not started to combine words into phrases

Only using  single words when you’d expect them to be using phrases and sentences

Trouble with story telling

Problems breaking words into syllables

Trouble rhyming words

Difficulties with problem solving & reasoning

Speech

We assess, diagnose and treat children who:

Stutter

Mispronounce words

Are hoarse

Have nasal sounding speech

Feeding, eating, drinking and swallowing

We work with:

Babies with a cleft palate and are having trouble sucking milk from the breast or bottle

Children with cerebral palsy who have trouble with their swallow

Children with aversive feeding issues for example children with autism

Children who have had a head injury after a road traffic accident

And this is only the tip of the iceberg! Not only that but we also have a role in preventing speech, language, and communication issues in vulnerable populations such as children in low socioeconomic environments and in creating awareness of communication disorders amongst the general public.

Team work

In many situations where the needs of the child are complex, SLPs/SLTs work as part of a team. The family are central to the team or at least they should be! So for example SLTs/SLPs may work with an occupational therapist to get the optimum positioning of the child with cerebral palsy for feeding. They may work with an educational psychologist if the child has a learning disability or cognitive impairment. They work with teachers and speech and language therapy assistants, social workers, neurologists…..

At what age do SLPs and SLTs start seeing children?

In public services this does seem to vary from country to country. But we can assess children’s communication from as young at 8 months. We have many ways to assess early communication. So if you’re worried, don’t wait because you think they are too young to be assessed.

Who not to listen to about your child’s language development

Lots of people have opinions on your child’s language development. From paediatricians to GPs to teachers and psychologists! These professionals are not trained to evaluate speech, language, and communication. That is the speech and language therapist’s job! Professionals and family/friends may also give well-intentioned but inaccurate advice. Never believe anyone who tells you that you must stop speaking a language. And don’t believe anyone either who tells that your child will grow out of it or that they’re too young to be assessed. Trust your instinct and have your child assessed sooner rather than later. If they are developing along expected lines then you can be reassured that things are proceeding as expected. If it looks like there is a problem with some aspect of speech and/or language, then earlier intervention is better. There can be long waiting lists for assessment and intervention so it’s better to be in the system early.

I’d love to hear about speech and language therapy in your country. What did you find helpful? What was not helpful? Be sure to leave a comment below. If you like this post, please pass it on to your friends.

You might also find this post that I wrote for Multilingual Parenting useful to read before you go to the doctor- it’s about facts and fictions of early bilingual language development. http://multilingualparenting.com/2016/01/27/early-bilingual-language-development-facts-and-fictions-guest-post/

Let’s get talking!

MP

Information sourced from:

 http://www.asha.org/public/

http://www.rcslt.org/

http://www.iaslt.ie/newFront/Documents/PublicInformation/

http://www.speechtherapy.org.nz/

http://sac-oac.ca/

http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/

February 18, 2016
by Mary Pat
212 Comments

Are manners really that important? Really?

Oh yes they are! But what’s more important is how we teach them to our children. We all do the ‘Say please’, ‘Say thank you‘, ‘Say hello’, Say ‘bye bye’ routine on a regular basis. I hear my mother’s voice coming out of my own mouth when I say to my little girlHave you any manners?and ‘Yes…. what…?’. And then there’s the raised eyebrow which at least is silent I suppose! And how could I forget the holding onto the requested thing until I get the please !

The problems with the usual way of teaching manners

There are two main problems with this way of doing it. Number 1 making it into a command is a pressure on a child’s speech and not very helpful when they are learning to talk. The second, possibly more serious problem with it is that while (to some extent) we can make them say please and thank you, we can’t make them feel gratitude or appreciation. And I know which I’d prefer! It makes me so happy when I hear my little girl request something politely or say ‘No thank you’ of her own accord. It always surprises me and warms my heart.

This is a really hard habit to change! But here are 3 suggestions to try.

#1 Be the change you want to see.
We’ve all heard this quote somewhere or other and manners is a good place to apply it. If we’re not consistent in our own manners how can we expect our littleys to do the same. It’s not fair to have a ‘Do as I say and not as I do‘ approach! So what this means is that we use please and thank you consistently and authentically when interacting with our children. And when interacting with other grown ups. We can take the focus off trying to get them to perform and focus on modelling what we’d like them to do instead. Don’t worry about the stray ‘Say please’- it’s very hard not to but it’s just a reminder to try a different way.

#2 Focus on what you want and not on what’s missing.
So the idea here is that rather than focus on when they don’t say please or thank you, we catch them when they do use them spontaneously and we remark on it. Saying something like ‘lovely manners or ‘It feels so nice to hear please or I feel like (doing whatever it is) more when I hear please and thank you.And then moving swiftly on; not making too big a deal of it and focusing on how it made you feel rather than on the fact that they said it.

#3 Try saying this instead
Have to give credit to the wonderful Gordon Neufeld for this idea- you can say ‘If you have a good bye in you, now would be the time to say it or ‘If you have a hug for Granny, now would be a good time’. If they do, they do and if they don’t they don’t. And you just model what you want to them to see- people saying hello & good bye, please and thank you.

So you don’t have to abandon manners entirely just take a more undercover approach!

Please let me know how you get on in the comments below- I’ll be dying to know!

And if you like this page please pass it on to your friends. You can find me on Facebook too: https://www.facebook.com/talknua/

And on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCg4i1NDZpW9_TYTYuTWVfAQ
Let’s get talking!
MP

January 28, 2016
by Mary Pat
195 Comments

Saying ‘No’ isn’t always easy but it’s SO worth it!

Okay, confession time! I have great trouble saying ‘No‘. My default reaction seems to be to say ‘Yes‘ to practically everything! For instance, my little girl might want me to play Three Little Pigs with her and even when I really don’t want to, I find myself sighing internally and saying ‘Okay’ but then only playing it half-heartedly and feeling guilty for not being more enthusiastic! Over Christmas, I did a 30 day wealth make over challenge. One of the tasks was to say ‘No’ to everything over the next two days. Now not things that would result in you losing your job or endangering anyone! The whole idea was to consciously say ‘Yes‘ to what you really wanted and ‘No’ to what you didn’t. Oh how I squirmed at the very idea of it! But not giving it a go wasn’t an option either so I got stuck in!

 

So like with any new skill, I was fairly clumsy at first and botched my first attempt. My little girl came to me with some writing she had done. ‘Want to see my writing mama?’ she asked. ‘No,’ I said and immediately felt so guilty as her little face sank in disappointment. So I changed my mind and said ‘Okay. I’ll have a look’. Hmm. Did I really want to look? Yes, for sure.

 

Next try was more successful maybe because I thought about it first before saying ‘No‘ and I did really mean it. I was going to make orange juice. My little girl wanted me to make smoothies and I really did not have smoothies in me! So I said in a very neutral tone, ‘No, I’m not making smoothies today’ and then I held my breath! It felt so alien to me to not give her what she wanted even if it meant denying my own feelings. There was a brief protest and I just said ‘Mmm. You really want smoothies. I’m not making smoothies today’ – holding my breath again! The moment passed, I made the orange juice, she drank it, two glasses even, and you know what? The world did not end because I said ‘No‘!

 

Then came ‘I want a Peppa Pig magazine’ and my reply: ‘Not today. That’s not how I want to spend my money today’. Mild protest and then we moved on to something else. I began to really enjoy it! As for the Three Little Pigs re-enactment, now I do it if I really want to but if want a cup of tea first, I just say ‘Not right now. I’m having a cup of tea first and then I’d be delighted to play it. Who will I be?’ She herself is very good at saying ‘No’ when she doesn’t want to so I am taking lesson from her while learning to say ‘No’ more gracefully each time!

 

Your challenge

Try saying ‘No’ for an afternoon- doesn’t have to be with your child although it might be easier to start with them!  If ‘No’ feels too blunt for you,  depending on the situation, you could try ‘Not right now’ or  ‘No, thank you’ or ‘Thank you so much for the offer but it doesn’t suit right now’. Keep your tone neutral and polite! Be sure to  leave a comment and let me know how you get on.

If you like this post, please pass it on to your friends!

Let’s get talking!

 

 

 

January 14, 2016
by Mary Pat
2 Comments

All mixed up? Language mixing and switching in young bilingual children

This week’s post is about language mixing in bilingual children. I had a question a while ago from a mother of two boys, one age five and the other a baby. The languages of the home are Swedish and English. Most of the people that the older little boy comes into contact with are bilingual too. His mum was looking for advice on how to help him separate out the languages and reduce the risk of his brother doing the same. Great question!

So the first thing to bear in mind is that bilingual children vary a lot in terms of the ages they acquire both languages- some children are exposed to two languages from birth while others are exposed to one language at home (maybe a minority language) and then acquire the second one in child care or school. They also vary in terms of the amount and quality of the exposure to the different languages and the setting where it takes place. They also vary in the amount of language mixing or switching that they encounter. And people’s attitudes to the mixing vary too. It bothers or worries some people and it doesn’t bother others! Complicated!

Basically mixing or moving between languages is totally normal for lots or bilingual people. It’s a natural feature of early bilingual language development in particular as language acquisition is a process that takes time. And some researchers argue that the languages are not really separate but inter-dependent because they share underlying cognitive processes of attention and memory and are stored as one system. Just to complicate matters, there are other researchers who argue that when both languages are acquired simultaneously, they’re quite separate although they do interact. What does this mean? It means that when you are bilingual, the languages do interact with each other. There are still lots of unanswered questions about how languages are stored and used in the brain.

Kathryn Kohnert, who is one of the big names in speech & language therapy and bilingualism, reports that being exposed to mixed language input does not seem to present a challenge to children who are developing normally. And it does not seem to delay language development either. Basically children will mix in proportion to the amount of mixing that they are exposed to.

 

From the young child’s point of view, they’re just interested in getting their message across and if mixing helps them, then so much the better from a communication point of view. This is the ‘any port in a storm’ approach!  For them, language is a means to an end- they just want to communicate! So if they lack the word in Swedish for instance, they’ll pop in the English one instead.

It’s also to be expected that children mix in the early stages of bilingual development. Generally, the switching isn’t random or ungrammatical. Very young children don’t speak the ‘wrong language’ or switch between languages with people who only speak one language. Children have been shown to be able to switch from one language to another with reasonable accuracy as young as 20 months of age-imagine!

In school aged children, the switching tends to happen more during casual encounters at home or between family members or friends at school but not so much during academic tasks at school which shows their awareness of social norms.

Sometimes we don’t like hearing them mix and then at others we don’t mind because as bilingual adults we often switch between languages when we’re talking to other bilingual adults.

So what can this mother do? Here are 4 options:

 Your options

  1. Accept that some mixing is to be expected- it’s natural. If it concerns you, it might be a good idea to reflect on what exactly about it concerns or bothers you. This might give you a fresh perspective on it.
  2. Don’t criticise or point out ‘mistakes’ (personally I don’t think in terms of mistakes when it comes to typical language development as the ‘mistakes’ are totally logical and evidence of the child learning the language code and applying rules.)
  3. You can always spend time doing activities that are naturally monolingual. Two good ones are reading books and singing songs as these tend to use one language. This will introduce the notion of language boundaries in a natural way.

 

I’m not a big fan of OPOL because from my point of view (and in the literature), it can violate natural principles of communication. Bilingual people switch between languages and a bilingual child needs to learn when it’s appropriate to mix and when it’s not. They learn this through participating in interactions with different people in different contexts e.g. grandparents, teachers, peers, neighbours, church and so on. A process of trial and error.

 

 

I prefer the idea of engaging in activities likes reading and singing that are naturally monolingual. And in relation to this little boy’s baby brother, it’s really important for parents to communicate in a way that feels natural to them especially early on as part of establishing a secure emotional connection between parent and child.

 

  1. There’s also the option of deciding on language boundaries and there’s no easy answer to this. Basically children will learn to mix if they hear mixing around them. So if parents switch languages within a sentence and across sentences, this will seem natural to the child and they’ll follow the example. When the child is older, mixing and switching may not be considered as acceptable socially and culturally.

 

Some parents want to avoid mixing and others don’t. If you’re happy to mix, mix away! It might take longer for your child to learn to separate out the languages and as long as everyone’s happy with that, then so be it. (Not everyone will agree with this stance and not everyone will like it. If you don’t like it, then just keep reading and ignore what you don’t like!)

 

It’s hard to be totally consistent when immersed in the demands of family life. The general principle is to have balanced input and this will require decisions and a plan for how you’re going to accomplish it, if that is important to you. Again each situation is different and you need to choose what fits with your family’s values and situation.

If you found this post helpful,  I’d be really grateful if you passed it onto your friends. If you have your own question about bilingual language development that you’d like a research-based answer to, then you can leave a comment below or email me at marypat@talknua.com

Let’s get talking!

 

 

 

Sources

Colin Baker’s (2014) A Parent’s and Teacher’s Guide to Bilingualism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

 

Kathryn Kohnert (2013). Language Disorders in Bilingual Children and Adults. Oxford: Plural Publishing

 

Elin Thordardottir, (2010) Towards Evidence Based practice in language intervention for bilingual children – this is an article in the Journal of Communication Disorders.

 

December 17, 2015
by Mary Pat
148 Comments

‘I can’t draw!’ Is this true?

For many years I firmly believed that I couldn’t draw. I remember clearly moments of humiliation from primary school teachers’ comments. I tried again as an adult with similar results! I was puzzled — I had signed up for a class to learn how to draw and yet there was no instruction. Nothing! Basically, the teacher set out objects and we were to try and draw them. I’ll never forget the night the teacher commented on my second attempt at sketching a dried poppy seed head. ‘Well, at least it’s better than your first attempt’, she said.  I had taken two buses to get there for this kind of crap?! Not surprisingly, I never went back to that class!

 

Then my little girl came along and eventually she started to draw. She’d ask me to draw things for her and I would cringe internally at the state of my drawings! But I realised something — she was delighted I was drawing with her and totally non-judgmental about what I produced. I had to be so careful not to disparage my drawing, as I certainly didn’t want her to become self-conscious or critical of what she was creating.  I wanted her to draw with abandon so I was going to have to learn to do so myself! So what did I do?

 

Changing myself first

I want to introduce Alison Beere, cartoon artist & teacher of beginner to intermediate cartooning online. You can check out her website at: www.alisonbeere.com. The way Alison teaches drawing is truly transformational. One day on her Facebook page, she posted a set of instructions on how to draw Minnie Mouse. I’m up for challenging my own limiting beliefs so I thought, ‘Right, I’ll have a go’. I grabbed whatever was close by and here’s the result. I was delighted with myself! It looks like Minnie! I showed it my little girl and she knew it was Minnie straight away-result!!

2014-09-25 15.32.25

I actually cried when I read Alison’s feedback as my old, firmly rooted belief that I couldn’t draw was totally shaken.  I had to concede I could no longer say, ‘I can’t draw.’ It would be more accurate to say, ‘I haven’t yet learned how to draw’ or ‘I haven’t practiced drawing’ — that feels so different!  I haven’t spent a lot of time drawing since but my attitude has totally changed!

I  wondered whether my experience was typical, and as Alison works mostly with adult beginners, I asked her to comment. Here’s what she said:

Three phrases immediately stand out for me in Mary-Pat’s story:

“I remember clearly moments of humiliation from primary school teachers’ comments.

“I had signed up for a class to learn how to draw and yet there was no instruction.”

“My old, firmly rooted belief that I couldn’t draw was totally shaken.”

 

The idea that having artistic talent is something which is inborn is deeply ingrained in our Western culture and it shows up most clearly in our language. I work with adults, and many of my students gave up on drawing early on, either as a result of derogatory comments such as Mary-Pat experienced, or because they were simply told “You can’t draw”.

 

People don’t realise that drawing is a language that is learned, just like any other.  A primary school teacher doesn’t expect a child to write until they have mastered the alphabet  exercises. Why then do teachers expect children to be able to draw realistically when they have never been introduced to the alphabet of drawing?

 

I used to believe in inborn artistic talent — until I read a book called The Talent Code by Daniel Coyle. It was the catalyst that gave me permission to try, and I became a cartoonist and teacher as a result. I’ve now seen too many people who ‘could not draw’ start my class and come out the other end as credible artists and I know now that talent is simply skill. It is the systematic reduction of errors through understanding what works (and what doesn’t) and talent is hard-won through focused practice.

 

The  great joy of my work teaching adults to cartoon is seeing the transformation and the childlike joy that people experience when they suddenly realise they CAN draw. It changes their whole view of themselves, and often opens them up to embrace possibility in other areas of life that they had closed down and abandoned years before.

 

As a result, I have realised it is incredibly important how we speak to our children around drawing and artistic talent. I’ll hand you back to Mary-Pat as the expert to help you with that…

I didn’t want to infect my little girl with my own discomfort with drawing so I did some reading. The Talent code that Alison mentioned above is excellent as is Carol Dweck’s Mindset (more on that in another post-it is startling!).

 

What to say?

So, we’ve all probably experienced the situation where a child comes to us & presents us with a drawing. We’re not sure exactly what it is because as adults, we assume it has to be something! We feel awkward because we don’t see something that we recognise. Usually, we say things like: ‘Oh lovely! What is it?’ Or ‘You’re a great artist!’ Or maybe a mumbled comment to another adult: ‘Abstract art, huh?’ And in return we get a puzzled look or silence. (A visitor said this in response to my little girl’s drawing- I was not impressed!!) They have twigged that we don’t get it. First of all, it’s important to remember, it doesn’t have to be anything! It’s an expression of creativity & as far as I’m concerned, there are no rules about it- don’t get me started on colouring inside the lines!

 

Here’s what to say when in doubt:

C:       Look Mama, I drew a girl.

A:      I see long hair. I like long hair. I used to have long hair when I was little.

Or

A:      I see a smiley face. She looks happy to me. I feel happy looking at her.

Or

A:      Oh I see you used orange. I like orange. It’s bright & cheerful. I feel happy when I see orange.

Or if it looks like a random scribble, you can describe the individual strokes that you can see:

A:      I see you went dot dot dot dot, wiggle wiggle, slash, slash. I feel energetic when I see it. 

 

Basically you describe what you see and what you feel. You don’t evaluate.

 

I’ve noticed with my little girl that sometimes she gets frustrated when colouring & not staying inside the lines. I see her frustration and hear her saying, “I can’t do it!” Sometimes I find this very challenging and have to resist the urge to contradict her and say, ‘“You CAN do it’!”  When I catch myself about to correct her feelings, I remember to acknowledge them by saying things like “It’s so frustrating when it doesn’t go the way you want, huh?” Or I can try a little distraction like, “Oh you picked a pink pencil. I like pink.” Or I might pick a pencil and together we just scribble all over the page & forget about lines — who said it had to be within the lines anyway? Then we laugh (most of the time!).

 If you like this post, please pass it on to your friends- I’d be so grateful! And you can find more interesting tips on the Facebook page- I’d be delighted if you liked it https://www.facebook.com/talknua/

See you soon!

Let’s get talking!

MP

December 3, 2015
by Mary Pat
7 Comments

Angels in flowery dresses

One day last week, my little girl came home with an announcement. She is to be an angel in the Christmas play in school. With her came a list of details about costumes. As you can imagine, the angels’ requirements were: white dress or white top & skirt, white tights, optional wings (colour not specified) & tinsel around the middle & on their heads. She, however, had her own ideas. She had already decided that she wanted to wear this flowery dress (technically it has a white background). She would wear a white top under the dress only & the white tights. No tinsel under any circumstances. Wings yes but no tinsel! A silver hair bow would be acceptable though.

In spite of all the books I’ve read and courses I’ve done, I couldn’t help myself but get into a debate about what she was supposed to wear. I mentioned how every other angel would most likely be in white. That was of no concern to her! She was committed to her costume! A few minutes into the discussion however, I had a light bulb moment. What was I doing? Whoever decreed that angels must wear white anyway? And it is a drama after all and surely drama is about imagination, creativity, and representations?!! And why was I encouraging her to conform and go against her vision for her role- surely this could not be a good thing? And why was I suddenly so worried about what other people would think? And feeling anxious about getting in trouble for not following the rules? (This coming from the girl who at age 13 or so consulted with the school chaplain as to the Catholic church’s position on capital punishment in order to prove to the teacher that it was indeed supported by Catholic doctrine. And in spite of the fact that no-body else in the class agreed with me?!!!)

So I went back to the list of details. Lo and behold, it stated:

These are only suggestions. Please feel free to add your touches. We do not want any parent to buy new clothes or costumes. 

Saved by the small print! Oh the relief! Permission to not conform! (Yes, I’m aware of the irony!) We actually do not have a white dress or skirt! Yay- she gets to be the angel she wants to be. No need for further negotiations. The moral of the story? Choose your battles. Question your own stuff echoing across the years from your own childhood. And continue to encourage them to blend in when they need to and stand out when they have the chance!

 

PS: I have since reversed my position on capital punishment!

 

 

November 19, 2015
by Mary Pat
167 Comments

The trouble with praise…..

Welcome to The Trouble with Praise mini-series! I hope you find it useful.

So I grew up in a house with no praise. This was 1970s & 1980s Ireland & it was just not a part of my parents’ world to acknowledge effort. There was an unspoken assumption that we would just get on with it, do as we were told, & do well at school. I have to say it wasn’t the most encouraging approach! Which made me curious about praise- how we praise & what we praise. Two of my favourite books that talk about praise or encouragement are Haim Ginott’s Between Parent and Child- he has to have been one of the world’s most compassionate people. And Faber and Mazlish’s How to Talk so Kids will Listen and Listen so Kids will Talk.

The basic idea is that children need to be free from depending on external (our) evaluations of them so that they don’t become attached to others as the source of approval. For example, when my little girl was 4, she would often say to me ‘What do you think of my outfit, Mama?’ & I would say to her ‘What I think of it doesn’t matter. What do you think of it?’ ‘Like it.’ she would reply nonchalantly. ‘That’s the important thing,’ I would say (at the same time wondering ‘Will I be still able to do this when she is a teenager wearing a belt or a tissue as a skirt?’!!) What you want to do is have them develop their own positive self-image & not rely on other people’s appraisals.

Effective praise needs to focus on the child’s efforts & achievements and not on their personality or character. We all say things like:

You’re such a good girl.
You’re an angel.
You’re so smart.
You’re always so thoughtful.
The scarf you made me is beautiful. Really nice.

But words like good, beautiful, fantastic, awesome, & outstanding evaluate the child’s character & aren’t helpful. What can happen when we praise like this is that children reject it because their own picture of themselves is different. So let’s have a look at what the child may think when we praise character over effort:

Adult: You are such a good girl.
Child: (to herself) Well I wasn’t so good earlier when I hit my sister..

Or

Adult: You always have such nice clothes
Child: (to himself) But how will I look the next time?

Research shows that children who are praised for being smart (You did really well on the test. You’re so smart.) are less likely to take on challenging tasks because they are afraid they won’t be smart the next time. Children who are praised for their efforts (You must have worked really hard.) on the other hand, relish a challenge because they expect to have to work hard. They have a growth mind-set. Carol Dweck’s Book Mindset is fascinating on this topic.

So what are we to do instead then?

Praise comes in two parts:
1. What you say to the child
2. What they then say to themselves

We want to communicate respect & understanding by describing what delights us, what we admire. We want to recognise effort as opposed to the end product. Haim Ginott gives a wonderful example & I love it so much I’m going to put the whole thing here:

How would any of us feel if, at the end of the month, the person who claims to love us handed us an evaluation? ‘In kissing you get an A but in hugging you only get a B; in loving, on the other hand, you get an A+.’ We would be upset and feel degraded. We would not feel loved.

So here are some examples of helpful praise:
Thank you for putting away the dishes. The kitchen looks tidy again.
I liked your birthday card. You used pink & I love pink.
Thank you for tidying up. I really appreciate it.
Your note brought me great joy.

One last example of descriptive evaluation or praise:

It’s time to tidy up the toys. My little girl is reluctant! However, she gets on with it & has put all the Lego pieces into the box apart from a few strays.
1. I describe what I see/feel: Almost all the pieces are in the box. All you have left to do is put in those 3 green pieces & put the lid on. (She puts them in the box). It’s lovely to see the place tidy. Thank you.
2. She thinks: I know how to clean up. I can finish something I start.

The challenges- actually there are two this time.

Challenge #1
1. Pick a time that suits you.
a. Set your timer for 5 minutes where you are playing with your child or maybe helping with
homework.
b. Listen to yourself & how you currently praise- what words do you use?
c. Write down what you said.
d. Please let me know in the comments what kinds of things you usually say.
e. Congratulate yourself for completing the challenge!

Challenge # 2

1. Pick the situation you used for observing how you currently praise such as your child dressing
themselves or setting the table.
a. Think in advance about what you are going to say & how you are going to say it
b. Write down what you will say
c. Try it and see what happens
d. Please let me know in the comments how it went- I love hearing your stories!
e. Congratulate yourself again!

Challenge #3

If you’re feeling up to a 3rd challenge

1. Recall what did you say to yourself to congratulate yourself after completing the challenges?
b. Was it the same after Challenge 1 and 2?
c. How did it feel?
d. Please tell me how you got in on the comments

If you like this post, please pass it on to your friends- I’d be so grateful! And you can find more interesting tips on the Facebook page- I’d be delighted if you liked it https://www.facebook.com/talknua/

See you soon!

Let’s get talking!

MP

October 28, 2015
by Mary Pat
Comments Off on When your child stops talking

When your child stops talking

So this week’s post is about selective mutism and what’s called the silent period in bilingual children.

Kate got in touch about her little girl who is 4 years old. She has an older sister who is 6 years old. Their parents are native English speakers living in Germany. Both girls have attended kindergarten since they were 2 years old so they are sequential bilinguals; acquiring one language at home until they enter education where they acquire a second language. Abby, the youngest suddenly stopped talking in kindergarten a few months ago. She’ll happily speak German with her sister at home but not in the kindergarten. She talks happily at home with visitors. She communicates non-verbally in the kindergarten and is happy to go there every day. Her parents and the pediatrician are not too concerned but the staff at the kindergarten are very concerned. Kate wonders is selective mutism a possibility? Another possibility is what’s called ‘the silent period’.

The name ‘silent period’ of language development doesn’t mean that the child doesn’t talk at all. It means that they aren’t speaking in the 2nd language. According to the American Speech & Hearing Association (ASHA), when children first encounter the second language (for example in pre-school), they often focus on taking it all in; they devote time to listening and developing their understanding. This may be the first time they realise that their home language is not understood & that their 2nd language skills aren’t quite enough to communicate effectively. In terms of a time frame, ASHA talk about a few weeks or months for older children and for pre-schoolers, a year or more.

As they move through the silent period children may start to repeat words that they hear around them. For example, they might repeat phrases that they have memorised. Examples in English would be things like ‘What’s this?’ ‘Look at me!’ Then they may quietly start to produce new words and phrases before starting to speak publicly. The Hanen Centre say that children may use a kind of ‘formula’ first where they use a phrase that they have learned (like ‘I want’) and then they insert their own word at the end of the phrase. Gradually they become more and more fluent while still making some grammatical mistakes as they are missing some grammatical rules. So a child might say ‘I no want that’. Some of the mistakes at this point are just the influence of the first language. And then others are the same kinds of mistakes that monolingual children make as they acquire their language.

It’s hard to find recent information about selective mutism and as always, there’s variation in what you read. Here’s a summary of what I found in the research:

On one hand selective mutism is considered to be rare in some descriptions (about 1% of children who attend mental health services according to the DSM V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used by health professionals)). Or not as rare as once thought (7 in every 1000 children according to the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry). It’s described as a failure of the child to speak in at least one setting, while speaking normally in others and it’s considered to be an anxiety disorder. According to ASHA other symptoms include:
• not speaking interferes with school or work, or with social communication
• lasts at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
• failure to speak is not due to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort, with the spoken language
required in the social situation
• not due to a communication disorder (e.g., stuttering)

So Abby would not meet these criteria, suggesting it’s more likely to be the silent period.

About 1/3 of children affected by selective mutism are bilingual according to a recent feature in ASHA (See the link below). The reasons children who are immersed in a new language environment are at greater risk for selective mutism are that they may have increased anxiety due to being in a foreign social and language environment. They may become socially isolated at school if they don’t speak the language. Children who are naturally inhibited or anxious may get stuck in the silent period as being silent becomes a habit that‘s hard to break.

It can be hard to distinguish between the silent period and selective mutism but the ASHA article I mentioned suggests it’s selective mutism when the child
• remains silent even after a protracted period of second language acquisition
• is silent at school in their native language as well as in the language of the school
• appears shy, overly anxious, or inhibited.

In terms of preventing problems in second language learners, here are 9 tips for teachers:

1. Find a speech buddy who speaks the same native/home language as the child and with whom the child
can communicate at school
2. Take the pressure off by keeping your own language simple
3. Be okay with the child responding in their home language
4. Make the environment warm, welcoming, nurturing, and supportive for the child
5. Allow the child to work 1:1 or in small groups to decrease communication anxiety
6. Don’t remand or require speech
7. Create early, meaningful opportunities for simple language expression. For example, teach just
one or two key words or phrases that the child can use early in the language-learning process,
and reward the child when they are used in a communicative context. The word “more,” for example,
can be used extensively during snack time to get more food or drink
8. Continue to build the child’s understanding of the school language to foster greater confidence
in using it.

If you like this post, please pass it on to your friends.

Would you like your own question answered here? If so, just email me at marypat@talknua.com

Let’s get talking!
MP

Inspired by:

http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/SelectiveMutism/
http://leader.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1921108
http://selectivemutismcenter.org/home/home

October 15, 2015
by Mary Pat
Comments Off on Aye aye cap’n Part 2

Aye aye cap’n Part 2

So this week we’re going to talk a bit more about co-operation and commands. I promise to keep it short this week! While I’m a big fan of the indirect approach of using statements rather than direct commands, I think it’s impossible to avoid commands altogether. So here are some ways to at least make commands clear and easier to follow.

 

#1 Tell them what you want them to do

This sounds obvious but I find myself telling my little girl what I don’t want.  For example: Don’t wipe your snot on my clothes or Stop pulling my top. Focusing on the positive instead and what you actually want them to do makes the message clearer. If you focus on what you want them to stop doing then that puts the undesired behaviour at the forefront of their minds. So instead, you state what you want them to do. For example Tidy up the Lego, or put the wrapper in the black bin, or put the lids on the markers, or keep the water in the sink.

 

#2 Keep your tone neutral

The tone of voice we use is really important too as non-verbal communication is very powerful and our children can sense the underlying tone of irritation or frustration which can provoke resistance or a feeling of being criticised. So it’s important to keep it polite and respectful- not always easy!

 

#3 Warnings and Reminders

Depending on the situation and how old your child is, you can alert them to a command that’s coming. For example: When the big hand is at 5 it’ll be time to put away the Play Doh. We do this at the playground sometimes. I set the alarm on my phone (for a million ninety nine minutes- the usual request!) and say When the alarm goes off, then it’s time to go home. Sometimes we negotiate an extra bit of time – most of the time, this has worked a treat and we can make a civilised exit! Not always though…

 

 #4 When-then commands

These type of commands spell out clear consequences of behaviour. And they’re useful when you can give your child a choice to comply or not. For example, when you’ve brushed teeth, then we’ll have stories or when you put the Lego in the box, then you can take out the paints.

I’d love to know how you get on with these suggestions so please be sure and leave a comment below.

If you like this post, I’d be delighted if you passed it on to your friends! And you can find me on Facebook too https://www.facebook.com/talknua

Let’s get talking!

MP